The Guilty Mind in Shakespeare´s Macbeth Essay - 1417 Words

Have you ever done something that you will regret for the rest of your life? Killing someone is considered to be the worst crime of humanity but planning to kill someone is just evil. Macbeth in Shakespeare’s play, who was loyal, courageous and honorable knight, protected his king from a traitor. His wife, Lady Macbeth is a stronger character, more dominant in the relationship with Macbeth. She is also a hideous woman, who influences her husband by making him commit murder by insulting and criticizing him. After a successful plan to kill King Duncan, Macbeth quickly continued to kill more people that could get in his way, even his best friend and family. When a person is committing a crime, they feel guilty for something they did. They†¦show more content†¦222) to remove the blood from hands, but it is unusual for Lady Macbeth because there is no blood. In religious believe, water is used for Baptist, wash away sins, God uses water to wash away all the sins and evil f rom earth, â€Å"The Flood†. Shakespeare is using Lady Macbeth in her unconscious state, sleepwalking, to attack the psychopath to persuade the readers. The Doctor sees inside of Lady Macbeth’s feeling, â€Å" The Heart is sorely charged.† (V. 1. 55. 350). Her heart cannot hide any secrets anymore; it starts to lose control of itself because her sins are too heavy. She starts to express her psycho reactions in order to relax her complex mind. It will start to speak the truth, â€Å"I tell you yet again, Banquo’s buried. He cannot come out on ’s grave.† (V. 1. 64-65. 350-60). Lady Macbeth is sleeping, her nerve system is at rest, she cannot control of what she say, it is her heart, her own feeling that speaking. She confesses to herself about the death of Bonquo, nothing can change the fact that he is assassinated, he cannot come back to life. Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"Give me your hand. What’s done cannot be undone. To bed, to bed, to bed!† (V. 1. 69-70. 351). Lady Macbeth tries to avoid what happen, she wants to forget about her guilt because whar done is done. She try to persuade her self to move on and keep living as long as she can keep her secret in the dark forever. In conclusion,Show MoreRelatedSupernatural Soliciting Within Shakespeare s Macbeth1728 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Supernatural Soliciting within Shakespeare s Macbeth Shakespeare’s Macbeth is broadly known as a cursed play by a myriad of individuals globally. Given its appalling history of death and disorder, as well as the supernatural elements present within the play, many have come to the latter conclusion. To add, Macbeth is also a tragedy, adding more malediction to the already allegedly accursed play. 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Mini Paper Free Essays

Advance Practice Nursing Jake Freeman University of SST. Francis Abstract This paper primarily explores the article from the Journal of Nursing called â€Å"Demographic Profiles of Certified Nurse-Midwives, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, and Nurse Practitioners: Reflections on Implications for Uniform Education and Regulation†. It will also include insight from other resources in support to the information provided by the article preceding. We will write a custom essay sample on Mini Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The article will be summarized in regards to Advanced Practice Nursing (PAN) work history within the ultra of nursing and whether or not the Pan’s should be mandated to further their education to the doctorate level in order to maintain there positions as Pan’s. The paper will also provide a brief analysis by the author in regard to the quality of the paper’s content. Keywords: advanced practice nursing, DEN, history of, history, clinical nurse specialist In Summary a Brief History of Advance Practice Nursing Nursing practice has expanded exponentially especially in the last 10 years. With aggressive legislation from our nursing leaders, respect, reimbursements, and the right to well deserved leadership has come forth. Although for many of us nurses it may seem as though many of these breakthroughs have spontaneously emerged, yet with a little respect to our roots we need to realize this emergence has been transforming nursing society since the sass’s. The recent chaos and disorientation in health care has rendered an opportunity for nurses to take what is theirs, and that is leadership in healthcare. Preventative care has always been a forte of nursing and now it’s a realization that it is the best approach to health care today, and that is why we are the leaders. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists are the pioneers of advance practice nursing as evidenced by the first formal education in 1909 at SST. Vincent Hospital in Portland, OR and have roots dating back to the Civil War while caring for the wounded and administering medicine like ether in the battlefields. Nurse Midwives shortly there after developed formal education in 1932 at the Maternity Center Association in New York and have roots dating back to the times of biblical writings. In 1965 the first formal Nurse Practitioner program was developed at the University of Colorado in collaboration with a physician Dry. Henry Silver and Registered Nurse Loretta Ford. Clinical Specialists devised a program of formal education at Rutgers University in 1954 (Englander et al. , 2006). As you can see advance practice nursing has came a long way and has overcome an insurmountable amount of hurdles. In the Journal of Professional Nursing a study was conducted by Sips, Fullerton, and Schilling (2009) which consisted of a sample survey and was designed to determine 6 categories of gathered information in regards to gender and race, age and years experience, education, employment, practice privileges, and salary. In the article the author aggressively directs to the possible fact that â€Å"men Leary indicate that they chose nursing because they expected a good salary’ (p. 182) and that there was a good possibility that they were inclined to choose nursing to empower themselves rather than their patients. Based on the quality of the study and the amount of professionals that actually participated this finding could be considered loosely based and also offensive to men of the profession. On a more refreshing note it was encouraging to see that Naps have the highest amount of ethnic diversity among the three PAN groups. This will highly contribute to collaboration between Pan’s to provide a better understanding of culturally impotent care. Sacra’s have longevity in experience, where as Naps are the youngsters of advanced practice, yet will be the largest entity of advanced practice nurses shortly in the future. Currently employment greatly consists of a physician- based practice, although this statistic will most likely change as well in the near future. Unfortunately the study of demographics of the 3 groups of Pan’s is loosely associated to the need for Pan’s to advance their practice to the doctoral level. There where references to the concern of collegiate faculty and the necessity of doctoral repaper professors to teach doctoral prepared course work. This was in regards to the question whether or not we have enough DEN prepared nurses out there to teach to the masses that might be interested in furthering their credentials. In the time of when the article was written it was reported that there was a drop off of students studying for their PhD. Presently there will be no mandate for a Doctorate in 2015. In this paragraph we will discuss some issues that might have some more relevance to the question of whether or not we need to mandate Naps to DEN status. In the book Advanced Practice Nursing Jansen et al. 2010) makes an empowering statement reminding us of how some or our greatest attributes for example: modesty of our clinical skills have actually hindered some of our potential for growth. This example is finely expressed in this statement â€Å"Given the history, philosophy, and values, the concept of power holds ambivalence for many nurses, even Pan’s† (p. 80). This statement makes a good realization of maybe how ill adapted we are as nurses coming into a position of such responsibility, which requires the understanding of how to properly utilize power. Instead of concerning ourselves with whether or not he DEN should be mandated maybe nurses need to learn how to harness their currently new development of high stature as autonomous providers. Our undistinguished and unparalleled ethics ironically have provided us with another hurdle that will be easily overcome in the near future as do any hurdles for nursing. Pan’s are also in the midst of becoming autonomous in the politics of business and legal aspects of nursing which can be significantly foreign to many new Pan’s Suppers (2015). Not only recently hurdles in politics within nursing have been overcome such as the identity crisis of Can’s and attempting to maintain a niche in he nursing profession. While Naps advance into the spotlight due to demand of needed providers that have privileges, Can’s struggle to maintain position Cur (1996). In summary it’s evident that Pan’s still have continued hurdles, yet their achievements come from centuries of hard work from our forefathers that pioneered the practice. In recent times it’s evident that the path paved by our forefathers will enable Pan’s to evolve into the highest entity of health care. This is a new and exciting perspective of conceptualizing Pan’s instead of physicians controlling the direction of health care, but it is now a reality. How to cite Mini Paper, Papers Mini paper Free Essays Persuasion and Anti-smoking Ads Smoking is a habit that does not do anything constructive for the individual practicing it. Anti-smoking organizations have launched numerous campaigns to further their efforts. One such campaign involves proliferation of anti-smoking ads. We will write a custom essay sample on Mini paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now What chances do print ads have against the smoking industries lure? This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of print ads used in convincing smokers to stop their habit. The different elements of persuasion that are present in the ads will be analyzed in order for the ads to be assessed properly with regards to their effectiveness. The results of this research can help in the determination of the different factors contributing to an antismoking ad’s success or failure. Methodology Four print ads with messages espousing antismoking belief were taken from online archives with access to the databases. Antismoking was operationally defined as any instance wherein clear and unequivocal denouncement of the use of cigarettes was seen. Print ads were selected randomly from the database and were then analyzed in terms of capability to persuade. The ads capability to persuade was assessed by checking for the presence of the following elements of persuasion in the ad. In terms of the messenger: credibility. In terms of the message content: associations with good feelings, arousal of fear, presentation of a discrepant view, primacy and recency effect design. In terms of the way the ad delivered the message: allowing of the audience’s use of action upon response to the ad. In terms of the target audience: age and gender appropriateness. (Myers, 2008) Results The first ad shows a male African American with a hook and line piercing the side of his mouth in much the same way a fishing hook would pierce a fish’s mouth. In an empty space near the upper portion of the ad, the words â€Å"The average smoker needs over 5000 cigarettes a year.† are written. Directly below these words is a short sentence saying, â€Å"Get unhooked. Call 08001690169 or visit getunhooked.co.uk.† The second ad shows a curved cigarette imposed on a black background. In the space above the image of the cigarette, the words â€Å"It’s not just your lungs that smoking affects.† are written in block and capital letters. The third ad shows an African American’s middle and index finger straddling a cigarette. The fingers are positioned in such a way that they appear to be the legs of a standing individual. In the lower left portion of the ad, a warning can be read, â€Å"Did you know that there’s a valve in your penis that traps the blood inside so you can get an erection? That every time you smoke, this valve is damaged? That if you don’t quit now, it might stop working altogether? You do now. Text HARD to 84118 for a free information pack. Texts will be charged at your standard rate. Call 0800 169 0 169. www.stayinghard.info.† Beneath the image of the fingers and to the left of the above warning, larger words can be read, â€Å"If you won’t give up smoking for your lungs, heart or throat, maybe you’ll do it for your penis.† The last ad to be discussed showed two spliced pictures of an African American woman in a blue top. In the first half of the ad, she is smiling with her lips fully closed. In the second half, she is still smiling but only this time revealing yellowed, nicotine-stained teeth. In the second half of the picture, the woman is also holding a cigarette in between her fingers. Discussion Analysis The antismoking ads showed different trivias about smoking that the everyday person would not have known. The samples showed many of the different elements of a persuasive ad. First, the presentation of facts about smoking established the credibility of the communicator. Second, the ads combined both the presentation of fear and the invoking of good feelings in the audience. Fear was the goal in the ad’s choice of images and facts. However, this was presented in a comic manner that good feelings were still invoked in the reader. Third, primacy and recency effects were taken into consideration. Having large and conspicuous images allowed for these foreboding images to be the first the reader would see. Also, making the size of the contact information smallest meant that it would most likely be the last detail viewed, the most recent. Fourth, the ads were gender-specific in its approach to the audience. Lastly, the inclusion of hotline numbers as well as of website addresses allowed for action to be initiated by the target audience after seeing the message. These are all factors that contribute to the capacity of the antismoking ads to persuade its target audience. Antismoking ads, as reflected by the samples obtained, are effective albeit the wide room for improvement. (Myers, 2008) Reflection This paper helped me realize that even though antismoking ads seem harsh and sometimes even doomsday-like in their messages, these are exactly some of the features they have that make them such persuasive mediums. Persuasion is not a simple matter. The elements that comprise a persuasive ad are varied and numerous. I did not expect to find antismoking ads with an integration of the number of elements of persuasion that I did. This leads me to appreciate even more the works of antismoking organizations and their campaigns for information dissemination and also for their campaigns for intervention in cases of nicotine-addiction. References Myers, David. (2008). Social Psychology (9th ed). Boston: McGraw Hill. Antismoking print ads were taken from: Image number 30551055 – Gett unhooked (2006). NHS Magazine Retrieved November 30, 2007 from http://www.advertisingarchives.co.uk/searchframe.php?search=bookpreview=min Image number 30545646 – It’s not just your lungs (1990). Ash Magazine Retrieved November 30, 2007 from http://www.advertisingarchives.co.uk/searchframe.php?search=bookpreview=min Image number 230546095 – Do it for your penis (2005).NHS Magazine Retrieved November 30, 2007 from http://www.advertisingarchives.co.uk/searchframe.php?search=bookpreview=min Image number 30544824 – yellow teeth (2005) NHS Magazine Retrieved November 30, 2007 from http://www.advertisingarchives.co.uk/searchframe.php?search=bookpreview=min       How to cite Mini paper, Essay examples

Public Opinion And Public Sphere Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Public Opinion And Public Sphere. Answer: Public opinion on specific issues that have the potential to impact the entire societies are vital and often face ethical questions and issues regarding the sanctity of the same. Issues pertaining to abortion, euthanasia and usage of foetal tissues for research purposes are such things that require public opinion in great amount when making policies on them. The ethical grounds of public opinions cannot always be relied upon, however (Kellner 2014). If ethical ideals and notions were to be built simply upon public opinion, a simple opinion poll could have been conducted and a majority view would have been sufficient enough to make the law. However, this is not the actual case in most scenarios and contrasting views often create a tension among differing opinions. The normative assumptions of Habermas communicative ethics and its likely consequences as well as the related notions of the public sphere has been one of the major topics of discussion and debate over the years. His theorie s on morality and self, have often been criticised as being too utopian and that they cannot be a reality (Kluge and Negt 2016). Public sphere refers to the domain of an individuals social life where public opinion can be formed. By default, and principle, every human being has the right to access the public sphere. Private people come together as a group to form the public and this mass often is the deciding factor for opinions that are the driving force for public policy making. The public is subjected to the states bureaucracy regulations and are also obligated to obedience to these regulations (Habermas 2015). On the other hand, the state assures them that they can amass and gather freely to express their opinions and publicise them to make policies come to enactments. Dissemination and certain degree of influence is essential when the public is large and requires the state to keep an eye on the opinions that are being formed by them. Ethical dilemma is the sole reason that makes public opinion to be scrutinised. Public communication forums like newspapers, radio and other media platforms help to form and direct the public opinion depending on the circumstances and the prevailing conditions (Feinstein 2015). One of the most major incidents of public opinions creating a problem on ethical grounds is the example of the abortion laws in Ireland. Public opinions and the state laws were in different poles and the tension that arose on ethical terms resulted in the government facing a lot of criticism for supporting the law and being blind to the obvious problem that ultimately resulted in the death of a person, simply because the Christian laws of the country banned abortion. Jurgen Habermas is one of the most influential philosophers in the current times. Political thoughts and communication and knowledge are the two most significant sides of his works and most of it are comprised based on these two and establishment of different theories pertaining to these issues (McCombs 2014). To understand his views on the public sphere, one must first understand the existing political and social settings in which Habermas grew up in. the post war German society and the Nuremberg Trials were some of the major things that shaped his views and his understandings of the failures of the country under the National Socialist Party (Guth and Marsh 2016). When Heidegger failed to answer his public call for explanation regarding the support that was shown, by the former, towards National Socialism, he was further convinced that the German school of philosophy had failed its purpose when it was needed the most and most of the contemporary philosophers had failed to understand the evils of Nazism, resulting in their ability to criticise the same (Bernays 2015). His own negative experiences led him to study further on the relationships between philosophy and politics and subsequently the theories on communication and ethical grounds or public opinion were formed. Habermas began to develop to consecutive theories regarding the relationship between social science theories and modern societies on one hand, and a normative as well as philosophical basis for critique on the other. In counter to his theories, scholars have argued that it is not necessary for an interpreter to take a stand when trying to understand reasons, even when people have to rely on their ideas and beliefs to identify the reasons as reasons in the first place (McCombs 2017). Public opinion, further, is not at all a static concept. What the public thinks on a certain specific issues can develop and change significantly over time. It can vary from being poorly informed and disconnected reactions to being well informed and very well articulated so that the opinions are given justifications and valid reasons are made in support of it. The process of forming public opinion goes through seven distinct stages. Initially, just like individuals, the public approaches an issue with mos tly being driven by emotions and opinions which are solely influenced by ones own perceptions and beliefs or the ideological leanings of a person. During this early stage of opinion formation, public communications and media platforms or media holds a significant influence on the public mind that helps to develop the opinion of the mass. However, the initial reaction to the issue is often unstable and as more information is gathered, the opinion also varies significantly, which may either establish the already existing opinion further or change the opinion dramatically (Bernstein 2014). The public opinion at this stage is often unformed and is raw in nature. This means whatever information is uncovered later, the initial opinion would be having significant impact on the following opinions. Habermas identifies something he calls the re-feudalisation of the public sphere, where he argues that the public sphere is being dominated by a mutual dependence of the political system and the economy, since the first half of the nineteenth century. The mass media has had a longing and deep influence on the development of the public opinion as well. This resulted in limited access to the public sphere, which h in turn may lead to poorly guided political decisions, which reflect in the votes that are cast by the citizens (Feinstein 2015). Poor or misinformation can be devastating for the development of the public opinion and communication is the key that can make sure that all information are flowing freely and are used efficiently and optimally to make the proper decisions. Ethical dilemma is one of the most major things that influence public opinions and clashes that may arise from the tension between the state laws, the ethical standpoint and the public opinion can very well lead to laws being revised (Guth and Marsh 2016). The mass media hold significant power in this aspect as well. An effective civil society based on public opinion or reasoning can be described as and utopian concept for many factors. The public is often defined to be something detached from the mass of the population, however, they are affected directly by any form of transactions. In this theory, Rousseau is assumed to be right when he deduced that public arguments lead to a position that is beneficial for the general population (Feinstein 2015). However, this is not really the case as it is apparent that ethical considerations often overpower policies and public opinions have to discarded because the ethical and moralistic viewpoint of the issue directs the decisions to be different. The ideas of a decaying and deteriorating society has also been further supported by Ulrich Beck. According to him, todays world is essentially a risk society that is facing the chances of heavily distorted information and that is may very well be forming the basis for misleading public opinions and subsequent poor decision making (Beck 2016). He says the risk society is a product of the second modernity, which began from the advent of the Industrial revolution. Reduction of scarcity was one of the major societal changes and that led to a complete alteration in the existing social structure. Beck identifies phenomenon like natural risks becoming less important after this period of time and manufactured risks becoming more important. Public opinions formed regarding various issues and topics which were previously unknown (Beck 2014). Ethical dilemma on whether to accept the newly developed ideas and gathered knowledge started to rise. Habermas theories coincide with those of becks in terms of the sanctity and validity of the science. Habermas deduced that whatever opinions that the public currently holds are directly fed by the scientific inventions and technology and there are no forums where public discussion is encouraged. Rather, the opinions are already formed and almost imposed upon the general public. The public sphere theory of Habermas takes into account the different situations that an individual in a society might face while having an enlightened argument over a certain norm that is to be made governing the society. one of the important parts of this theory is the importance of public diccourse about the current governing bodies in the society. according to habermas , the frredom of an individual in the society helps an the governing bodies to formulate ideal and policies about the overall good of the subjects (Habermas 2015). The discourse of ethics in the philosophy of habermas takes into accoint the two parts of formulating the norams and laws that havwe puzzled philosophers for a longn time, the moral part of the governanace and the socilegal concept that weighs its implications in the society. contarary to the kantian ethics the ethical discourse of Habermas takes a dialogical approach. There is no categorical imperative of the judgement of the greater moral good of the s ociety. The theory of Habermas takes into account the amtter of pulic concern are to be discussed by the general mass of the people. The public sphere of Habermas basically served a purpose of opening the window of the discussion over the topic without being censored by the governement. The early democracy grastly depended on the iddea of public for the proper goevrnance of the society as it served as the feedback to the ruling class. The political issues were also to be resolved via public oppinions in the society as they were an important part of the democracy. The theory also takes into account the responsiveness to the pulic oppinion by the government as the test of the governement legitimacy in a state. In the case of the cash for comment affair both the theories that are discussed above as the public opinion has changed (Beck 2016). The public forum was used to propagate the idea which was actually supposed to be an add. The Becks theory of the risk society takes into account the risks of the modern society being structuured around the newer typers of risks .which may be the result of the actions of the radio announcer misusing his privilages on public forum (Beck 2016). The becks theory the risk society also comes to play in this case as the present society has become increasingly dependent on the mass media and the ideas that are promoted by the media. If a add is said in the form of journaled news in the radio the people will radily belive it and the overall decisionmaking power of the society will be at risk. It is not an in ideal method of the pulic realations as The Habermas theory in this case suggests that the pulic discussions should be the process of the formulation of th e public opinions in the society. On the contrary, in this case the ideas are being fed to the individuals in the society. the individuals have to hear what is being said on the radia and since what they hear forms their public opinion in the society (Kluge and Negt 2016). With the rise of the modern society and the scientific advancements, space for public discussion increasingly became limited and the ethical aspect to the public opinion was overcome by the state feeding already formed opinions. This may lead to misinformed decision making and ultimately result in a poorer society than before. Ethical considerations and dilemma is one of the most major issues that influence public opinion and often even goes against it to prompt policies and laws being amended or introduced. References Beck, U., 2014. RISK SOCIETY.Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance, p.178. Beck, U., 2016. Varieties of second modernity and the cosmopolitan vision.Theory, Culture Society,33(7-8), pp.257-270. Bernays, E.L., 2015.Crystallizing public opinion. Open Road Media. Bernstein, J.M., 2014.Recovering ethical life: Jurgen Habermas and the future of critical theory. Routledge. Feinstein, N.W., 2015. Education, communication, and science in the public sphere.Journal of Research in Science Teaching,52(2), pp.145-163. Guth, D.W. and Marsh, C., 2016.Public relations: A values-driven approach. Pearson. Habermas, J., 2015.The philosophical discourse of modernity: Twelve lectures. John Wiley Sons. Kellner, D., 2014. Habermas, the public sphere, and democracy. InRe-imagining public space(pp. 19-43). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Kluge, A. and Negt, O., 2016.Public sphere and experience: Analysis of the bourgeois and proletarian public sphere. Verso Books. McCombs, M., 2014.Setting the agenda: Mass media and public opinion. John Wiley Sons. McCombs, M., 2017.Contemporary public opinion: Issues and the news. Routledge.